central bank of nigeria

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Robert Mundell 's " impossible trinity " is the most famous formulation of these limited powers and postulates that it is impossible to target monetary policy broadly interest rates the exchange rate through a fixed rate and maintain free capital movement. Since most Western economies are now considered "open" with free capital movement this essentially means that central banks may target interest rates or exchange rates with credibility but not both at once. Even when targeting interest rates most central banks have limited ability to influence the rates actually paid by private individuals and companies. In the most famous case of policy failure Black Wednesday George Soros arbitraged the pound sterling 's relationship to the ECU and after making $2 billion himself and forcing the UK to spend over $8bn defending the pound forced it to abandon its policy. Since then he has been a harsh critic of clumsy bank policies and argued that no one should be able to do what he did. The most complex relationships are those between the yuan and the US dollar and between the euro and its neighbours. The situation in Cuba is so exceptional as to require the Cuban peso to be dealt with simply as an exception since the United States forbids direct trade with Cuba. US dollars were ubiquitous in Cuba's economy after its legalization in 1991 but were officially removed from circulation in 2004 and replaced by the convertible peso . edit Policy instruments Bank of Japan The main monetary policy instruments available to central banks are open market operation bank reserve requirement interest rate policy re-lending and re-discount including using the term repurchase market and credit policy often coordinated with trade policy . While capital adequacy is important it is defined and regulated by the Bank for International Settlements and central banks in practice generally do not apply stricter rules. To enable open market operations a central bank must hold foreign exchange reserves usually in the form of government bonds and official gold reserves . It will often have some influence over any official or mandated exchange rates Some exchange rates are managed some are market based free float and many are somewhere in between "managed float" or "dirty float" . edit Interest rates By far the most visible and obvious power of many modern central banks is to influence market interest rates contrary to popular belief they rarely "set" rates to a fixed number. Although the mechanism differs from country to country most use a similar mechanism based on a central bank's ability to create as much fiat money as required. The mechanism to move the market towards a 'target rate' whichever specific rate is used is generally to lend money or borrow money in theoretically unlimited quantities until the targeted market rate is sufficiently close to the target. Central banks may do so by lending money to and borrowing money from taking deposits from a limited number of qualified banks or by purchasing and selling bonds. As an example of how this functions the Bank of Canada sets a target overnight rate and a band of plus or minus 0.25%. Qualified banks borrow from each other within this band but never above or below because the central bank will always lend to them at the top of the band and take deposits at the bottom of the band in principle the capacity to borrow and lend at the extremes of the band are unlimited. 6 Other central banks use similar mechanisms. It is also notable that the target rates are generally short-term rates. The actual rate that borrowers and lenders receive on the market will depend on perceived credit risk maturity and other factors. For example a central bank might set a target rate for overnight lending of 4.5% but rates for equivalent risk five-year bonds might be 5% 4.75% or in cases of inverted yield curves even below the short-term rate. Many central banks have one primary "headline" rate that is quoted as the "central bank rate." In practice they will have other tools and rates that are used but only one that is rigorously targeted and enforced. "The rate at which the central bank lends money can indeed be chosen at will by the central bank this is the rate that makes the financial headlines." – Henry C.K. Liu. 7 Liu explains further that "the U.S. central-bank lending rate is known as the Fed funds rate . The Fed sets a target for the Fed funds rate which its Open Market Committee tries to match by lending or borrowing in the money market ... a fiat money system set by command of the central bank. The Fed is the head of the central-bank because the U.S. dollar is the key reserve currency for international trade. The global money market is a USA dollar market. All other currencies markets revolve around the U.S. dollar market." Accordingly the U.S. situation is not typical of central banks in general. A typical central bank has several interest rates or monetary policy tools it can set to influence markets. Marginal lending rate currently 1.75% in the Eurozone – a fixed rate for institutions to borrow money from the central bank. In the USA this is called the discount rate . Main refinancing rate 1.00% in the Eurozone – the publicly visible interest rate the central bank announces. It is also known as minimum bid rate and serves as a bidding floor for refinancing loans. In the USA this is called the federal funds rate . Deposit rate 0.25% in the Eurozone – the rate parties receive for deposits at the central bank. These rates directly affect the rates in the money market the market for short term loans. edit Open market operations Through open market operations a central bank influences the money supply in an economy directly. Each time it buys securities exchanging money for the security it raises the money supply. Conversely selling of securities lowers the money supply. Buying of securities thus amounts to printing new money while lowering supply of the specific security. The main open market operations are Temporary lending of money for collateral securities "Reverse Operations" or " repurchase operations " otherwise known as the "repo" market . These operations are carried out on a regular basis where fixed maturity loans of 1 week and 1 month for the ECB are auctioned off. Buying or selling securities " direct operations " on ad-hoc basis. Foreign exchange operations such as forex swaps . All of these interventions can also influence the foreign exchange market and thus the exchange rate. For example the People's Bank of China and the Bank of Japan have on occasion bought several hundred billions of U.S. Treasuries presumably in order to stop the decline of the U.S. dollar versus the renminbi and the yen . edit Capital requirements All banks are required to hold a certain percentage of their assets as capital a rate which may be established by the central bank or the banking supervisor. For international banks including the 55 member central banks of the Bank for International Settlements the threshold is 8% see the Basel Capital Accords of risk-adjusted assets whereby certain assets such as government bonds are considered to have lower risk and are either partially or fully excluded from total assets for the purposes of calculating capital adequacy . Partly due to concerns about asset inflation and repurchase agreements capital requirements may be considered more effective than deposit/reserve requirements in preventing indefinite lending when at the threshold a bank cannot extend another loan without acquiring further capital on its balance sheet. edit Reserve requirements In practice many banks are required to hold a percentage of their deposits as reserves . Such legal reserve requirements were introduced in the 19th century to reduce the risk of banks overextending themselves and suffering from bank runs as this could lead to knock-on effects on other banks. See also money multiplier . As the early 20th century gold standard and late 20th century dollar hegemony evolved and as banks proliferated and engaged in more complex transactions and were able to profit from dealings globally on a moment's notice these practices became mandatory if only to ensure that there was some limit on the ballooning of money supply. Such limits have become harder to enforce. The People's Bank of China retains and uses more powers over reserves because the yuan that it manages is a non- convertible currency . Even if reserves were not a legal requirement prudence would ensure that banks would hold a certain percentage of their assets in the form of cash reserves. It is common to think of commercial banks as passive receivers of deposits from their customers and for many purposes this is still an accurate view. This passive view of bank activity is misleading when it comes to considering what determines the nation's money supply and credit. Loan activity by banks plays a fundamental role in determining the money supply. The central-bank money after aggregate settlement – final money – can take only one of two forms physical cash which is rarely used in wholesale financial markets central-bank money. The currency component of the money supply is far smaller than the deposit component. Currency and bank reserves together make up the monetary base called M1 and M2 . edit Exchange requirements To influence the money supply some central banks may require that some or all foreign exchange receipts generally from exports be exchanged for the local currency. The rate that is used to purchase local currency may be market-based or arbitrarily set by the bank. This tool is generally used in countries with non-convertible currencies or partially-convertible currencies. The recipient of the local currency may be allowed to freely dispose of the funds required to hold the funds with the central bank for some period of time or allowed to use the funds subject to certain restrictions. In other cases the ability to hold or use the foreign exchange may be otherwise limited. In this method money supply is increased by the central bank when it purchases the foreign currency by issuing selling the local currency. The central bank may subsequently reduce the money supply by various means including selling bonds or foreign exchange interventions. edit Margin requirements and other tools In some countries central banks may have other tools that work indirectly to limit lending practices and otherwise restrict or regulate capital markets. For example a central bank may regulate margin lending whereby individuals or companies may borrow against pledged securities. The margin requirement establishes a minimum ratio of the value of the securities to the amount borrowed. Central banks often have requirements for the quality of assets that may be held by financial institutions these requirements may act as a limit on the amount of risk and leverage created by the financial system. These requirements may be direct such as requiring certain assets to bear certain minimum credit ratings or indirect by the central bank lending to counterparties only when security of a certain quality is pledged as collateral . edit Examples of use The People's Bank of China has been forced into particularly aggressive and differentiating tactics by the extreme complexity and rapid expansion of the economy it manages. It imposed some absolute restrictions on lending to specific industries in 2003 and continues to require between 1% and 3% more reserves 8 from large urban banks typically focusing on export than rural ones. This is not by any means an unusual situation. The USA historically had very wide ranges of reserve requirements between its dozen branches. Domestic development is thought to be optimized mostly by reserve requirements rather than by capital adequacy methods since they can be more finely tuned and regionally varied. edit Banking supervision and other activities Finance Financial markets Bond market Stock market equity market Foreign exchange market Derivatives market Commodity market Money market Spot market cash market Over the counter Real estate Private equity Financial market participants Investor and speculator Institutional and retail Financial instruments Cash Deposit Option call or put Loans Security Derivative Stock Time deposit or certificate of deposit Futures contract Exotic option Corporate finance Structured finance Capital budgeting Financial risk management Mergers and acquisitions Accountancy Financial statement Audit Credit rating agency Leveraged buyout Venture capital Personal finance Credit and debt Student financial aid Employment contract Retirement Financial planning Public finance Government spending Transfer payment Redistribution Government operations Government final consumption expenditure Government revenue Taxation Non-tax revenue Government budget Government debt Surplus and deficit deficit spending Warrant of payment Banks and banking Fractional-reserve banking Central Bank List of banks Deposits Loan Money supply Financial regulation Finance designations Accounting scandals Standards ISO 31000 International Financial Reporting Economic history Stock market bubble Recession Stock market crash History of private equity v · d · e In some countries a central bank through its subsidiaries controls and monitors the banking sector. In other countries banking supervision is carried out by a government department such as the UK Treasury or an independent government agency for example UK's Financial Services Authority . It examines the banks' balance sheets and behaviour and policies toward consumers . Apart from refinancing it also provides banks with services such as transfer of funds bank notes and coins or foreign currency. Thus it is often described as the "bank of banks". Many countries such as the United States will monitor and control the banking sector through different agencies and for different purposes although there is usually significant cooperation between the agencies. For example money center banks deposit-taking institutions and other types of financial institutions may be subject to different and occasionally overlapping regulation. Some types of banking regulation may be delegated to other levels of government such as state or provincial governments. Any cartel of banks is particularly closely watched and controlled. Most countries control bank mergers and are wary of concentration in this industry due to the danger of groupthink and runaway lending bubbles based on a single point of failure the credit culture of the few large banks. edit Independence This section needs additional citations for verification . Please help improve this article by adding reliable references . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed . February 2009 This section may be unbalanced towards certain viewpoints . Please improve the article by adding information on neglected viewpoints or discuss the issue on the talk page . February 2009 Over the past decade there has been a trend towards increasing the independence of central banks as a way of improving long-term economic performance. However while a large volume of economic research has been done to define the relationship between central bank independence and economic performance the results are ambiguous. Advocates of central bank independence argue that a central bank which is too susceptible to political direction or pressure may encourage economic cycles " boom and bust " as politicians may be tempted to boost economic activity in advance of an election to the detriment of the long-term health of the economy and the country. In this context independence is usually defined as the central bank's operational and management independence from the government. The literature on central bank independence has defined a number of types of independence. Legal independence The independence of the central bank is enshrined in law. This type of independence is limited in a democratic state in almost all cases the central bank is accountable at some level to government officials either through a government minister or directly to a legislature. Even defining degrees of legal independence has proven to be a challenge since legislation typically provides only a framework within which the government and the central bank work out their relationship. Goal independence The central bank has the right to set its own policy goals whether inflation targeting control of the money supply or maintaining a fixed exchange rate. While this type of independence is more common many central banks prefer to announce their policy goals in partnership with the appropriate government departments. This increases the transparency of the policy setting process and thereby increases the credibility of the goals chosen by providing assurance that they will not be changed without notice. In addition the setting of common goals by the central bank and the government helps to avoid situations where monetary and fiscal policy are in conflict a policy combination that is clearly sub-optimal. Operational independence The central bank has the independence to determine the best way of achieving its policy goals including the types of instruments used and the timing of their use. This is the most common form of central bank independence. The granting of independence to the Bank of England in 1997 was in fact the granting of operational independence the inflation target continued to be announced in the Chancellor's annual budget speech to Parliament. Management independence The central bank has the authority to run its own operations appointing staff setting budgets and so on. without excessive involvement of the government. The other forms of independence are not possible unless the central bank has a significant degree of management independence. One of the most common statistical indicators used in the literature as a proxy for central bank independence is the "turn-over-rate" of central bank governors. If a government is in the habit of appointing and replacing the governor frequently it clearly has the capacity to micro-manage the central bank through its choice of governors. It is argued that an independent central bank can run a more credible monetary policy making market expectations more responsive to signals from the central bank. Recently both the Bank of England 1997 and the European Central Bank have been made independent and follow a set of published inflation targets so that markets know what to expect. Even the People's Bank of China has been accorded great latitude due to the difficulty of problems it faces though in the People's Republic of China the official role of the bank remains that of a national bank rather than a central bank underlined by the official refusal to "unpeg" the yuan or to revalue it "under pressure". The People's Bank of China's independence can thus be read more as independence from the USA which rules the financial markets than from the Communist Party of China which rules the country. The fact that the Communist Party is not elected also relieves the pressure to please people increasing its independence. Governments generally have some degree of influence over even "independent" central banks the aim of independence is primarily to prevent short-term interference. For example the chairman of the U.S. Federal Reserve Bank is appointed by the President of the U.S. all nominees for this post are recommended by the owners of the Federal Reserve as are all the board members and his choice must be confirmed by the Congress . International organizations such as the World Bank the BIS and the IMF are strong supporters of central bank independence. This results in part from a belief in the intrinsic merits of increased independence. The support for independence from the international organizations also derives partly from the connection between increased independence for the central bank and increased transparency in the policy-making process. The IMF's FSAP review self-assessment for example includes a number of questions about central bank independence in the transparency section. An independent central bank will score higher in the review than one that is not independent. edit Criticism According to the Austrian School central banking tends to wreak havoc on an economy by systematically devaluing a currency by over creating this currency against nothing of intrinsic value such as gold resulting in never-ending inflation. The main opponents to fractional reserve central banking are the proponents of the Austrian business cycle theory including Ludwig von Mises Friedrich Hayek and Murray Rothbard 9 edit Alternatives This section does not cite any references or sources . Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed . November 2010 Demurrage currencies provide an alternative and perhaps complementary means towards central banking's goal of sustaining economic growth with different specific characteristics and a mechanism that follows naturally from the use of commodity currencies is more uniform in operation does not devalue the currency unit and is more predictable and potentially more decentralized in its operation. Historically the idea of demurrage influenced Keynes' prescription for net-inflationary central bank policy. edit See also Fractional-reserve banking List of central banks National bank Seigniorage State bank Interbank lending market edit References ^ Sullivan arthur Steven M. Sheffrin 2003 . Economics Principles in action . Upper Saddle River New Jersey 07458 Pearson Prentice Hall. pp. #160 254. ISBN #160 0-13-063085-3 . http // pearsonschool /index.cfm locator=PSZ3R9 amp PMDbSiteId=2781 amp PMDbSolutionId=6724 amp PMDbCategoryId= amp PMDbProgramId=12881 amp level=4 . #160 ^ "central bank – Britannica Online Encyclopedia" . britannica . http // britannica /EBchecked/topic/102342/central-bank . Retrieved 2 November 2010 . #160 ^ "The Structure of the Federal Reserve System" . federalreserveeducation.org . http //federalreserveeducation.org/about-the-fed/structure-and-functions/ . Retrieved 1 October 2010 . #160 ^ Quinn Stephen Roberds William 2006 "An Economic Explanation of the Early Bank of Amsterdam Debasement Bills of Exchange and the Emergence of the First Central Bank" Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta Working Paper 2006–13 ^ History of Sveriges Riksbank ^ Bank of Canada backgrounder Target for the Overnight Rate ^ Asia Times article explaining modern central bank function in detail ^ Reuters – China hit some banks with extra RRR increase ^ How the Business Cycle Happens Murray Rothbard " Genoa and the history of finance a series of firsts #160 " Giuseppe Felloni Guido Laura. 9 November 2004 ISBN 88-87822-16-6 book can be downloaded at giuseppefelloni.it edit External links List of central bank websites at the Bank for International Settlements Interactive map of all the central banks International Journal of Central Banking The Federal Reserve System Purposes and Functions – A publication of the U.S. Federal Reserve describing its role in the macroeconomy The Eurosystem – Website of the European Central Bank describing the structure of the central banking system in the Eurozone A hundred ways to skin a cat comparing monetary policy operating procedures in the United States Japan and the euro area PDF #160 176 #160 KB – C E V Borio Bank for International Settlements Basel v · d · e Central banks Global Bank for International Settlements #160 · Financial Stability Board #160 · Basel Committee on Banking Supervision #160 By continent Africa Central Bank of West African States #160 · Bank of Central African States #160 · Bank of Algeria #160 · Central Bank of Angola #160 · Bank of Botswana #160 · Bank of the Republic of Burundi #160 · Bank of Cape Verde #160 · Central Bank of the Comoros #160 · Central Bank of the Congo #160 · Central Bank of Djibouti #160 · Central Bank of Egypt #160 · Bank of Eritrea #160 · National Bank of Ethiopia #160 · Central Bank of The Gambia #160 · Bank of Ghana #160 · Central Bank of the Republic of Guinea #160 · Central Bank of Kenya #160 · Central Bank of Lesotho #160 · Central Bank of Liberia #160 · Central Bank of Libya #160 · Reserve Bank of Malawi #160 · Bank of Mauritius #160 · Bank Al-Maghrib Morocco #160 · Bank of Namibia #160 · Central Bank of Nigeria #160 · South African Reserve Bank #160 · Bank of Somaliland #160 · Bank of Tanzania #160 · Central Bank of Tunisia #160 · Bank of Uganda #160 · Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe Americas Central Bank of Argentina #160 · Central Bank of Aruba #160 · Central Bank of The Bahamas #160 · Central Bank of Barbados #160 · Central Bank of Brazil #160 · Bank of Canada #160 · Central Bank of Chile #160 · Bank of the Republic Colombia #160 · Central Bank of Curaçao and Sint Maarten #160 · Eastern Caribbean Central Bank #160 · Bank of the Republic of Haiti #160 · Central Bank of Honduras #160 · Bank of Jamaica #160 · Bank of Mexico #160 · Central Bank of Nicaragua #160 · Central Reserve Bank of Peru #160 · Central Bank of Suriname #160 · Federal Reserve System United States #160 · Central Bank of Venezuela #160 · Central Bank of Trinidad and Tobago Oceania Reserve Bank of Australia #160 · Reserve Bank of Fiji #160 · Reserve Bank of New Zealand #160 · Bank of Papua New Guinea #160 · Central Bank of Samoa #160 · Central Bank of Solomon Islands #160 · National Reserve Bank of Tonga Asia Central Bank of Bahrain #160 · Bangladesh Bank #160 · Brunei Currency and Monetary Board #160 · National Bank of Cambodia #160 · People's Bank of China #160 · Reserve Bank of India #160 · Central Bank of Iran #160 · Central Bank of Iraq #160 · Bank of Israel #160 · Bank Indonesia #160 · Bank of Japan #160 · Central Bank of Jordan #160 · National Bank of Kazakhstan #160 · National Bank of the Kyrgyz Republic #160 · Bank of Korea #160 · Central Bank of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea #160 · Central Bank of Kuwait #160 · Banque du Liban #160 · Monetary Authority of Macao #160 · Bank Negara Malaysia #160 · Bank of Mongolia #160 · Central Bank of Oman #160 · State Bank of Pakistan #160 · Central Bank of the Philippines #160 · Qatar Central Bank #160 · Monetary Authority of Singapore #160 · Central Bank of Syria #160 · Central Bank of the Republic of China Taiwan #160 · Bank of Thailand #160 · Central Bank of the United Arab Emirates #160 · Central Bank of Uzbekistan #160 · State Bank of Vietnam #160 · Hong Kong Monetary Authority #160 · Palestine Monetary Authority #160 · Europe European Central Bank Eurosystem #160 · National Bank of the Republic of Abkhazia #160 · Bank of Albania #160 · Central Bank of Armenia #160 · Central Bank of Azerbaijan #160 · National Bank of the Republic of Belarus #160 · Central Bank of Bosnia and Herzegovina #160 · Bulgarian National Bank #160 · Croatian National Bank #160 · Czech National Bank #160 · Danmarks Nationalbank #160 · Bank of England United Kingdom #160 · National Bank of Georgia #160 · German Federal Bank #160 · Hungarian National Bank #160 · Central Bank of Iceland #160 · Bank of Italy #160 · Central Bank of Kosovo #160 · National Bank of Latvia #160 · Bank of Lithuania #160 · National Bank of the Republic of Macedonia #160 · National Bank of Moldova #160 · Central Bank of Montenegro #160 · Norges Bank #160 · Central Bank of the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus #160 · Polish National Bank #160 · National Bank of Romania #160 · Central Bank of Russia #160 · National Bank of Serbia #160 · Sveriges Riksbank #160 · Swiss National Bank #160 · Central Bank of the Republic of Turkey #160 · National Bank of Ukraine #160 Policies and implementation Policies Expansionary monetary policy #160 · Contractionary monetary policy #160 · Capital requirement Implementation Open market operations #160 · Capital control #160 · Discount rate #160 · Money creation #160 · Interest rates #160 · Sovereign wealth fund #160 Bretton Woods system World Bank umbrella organization International Bank for Reconstruction and Development #160 · International Finance Corporation #160 · International Development Association #160 · Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency #160 · International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes #160 · International Monetary Fund List of central banks Names in italics indicate non-sovereign dependent territories former countries or partially recognised countries . 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Contact us Privacy policy About Wikipedia Disclaimers Web Images Videos Q A Encyclopedia More Local Settings Central Bank of Nigeria From Wikipedia Last modified on 23 June 2011 at 04 54 From Wikipedia Jump to navigation search Central Bank of Nigeria Headquarters Abuja Nigeria Established 1958 Central bank of Nigeria ISO 4217 Code 566 Website http // cbn.gov.ng The Central Bank of Nigeria was established by the CBN Act of 1958 and commenced operations on July 1 1959. 1 The major regulatory objectives of the bank as stated in the CBN act of 1958 is to issue legal tender maintain the external reserves of the country promote monetary stability and a sound financial environment and to act as a banker of last resort and financial adviser to the federal government. The central bank's role as lender of last resort and adviser to the federal government has sometimes pushed it into murky regulatory waters. After the end colonial rule the desire of the government to become pro-active in the development of the economy became visible especially after the end of the Nigerian civil war the bank followed the government's desire and took a determined effort to supplement any short falls in credit allocations to the real sector. The bank soon became involved in lending directly to consumers contravening its original intention to work through commercial banks in activities involving consumer lending. However the policy was an offspring of the indigenisation policy at the time. Nevertheless the government through the central bank has been actively involved in building the nation's money and equity centers forming securities regulatory board and introducing treasury instruments into the capital market. 1 Table of Contents 1 History of the CBN 1.1 Authorizing legislation 1.2 Policy implementation and criticism 1.3 Governors 2 Today 3 Advance Fees Fraud 419 4 See also 5 Notes 6 References 7 External links History of the CBN Authorizing legislation In 1948 an inquiry under the leadership of G.D Paton was established by the colonial administration to investigate banking practices in Nigeria . Prior to the inquiry the banking industry was largely uncontrolled. The G.D Paton report an offshoot of the inquiry became the corner stone of the first banking legislation in the country the banking ordinance of 1952. The ordinance was designed to prevent non viable banks from mushrooming and to ensure orderly commercial banking. The banking ordinance triggered a rapid growth in the industry with growth also came disappointment. By 1958 a few number of banks had failed. To curtail further failures and to prepare for indigenous control in 1958 a bill for the establishment of Central Bank of Nigeria was presented to the House of Representatives of Nigeria . The Act was fully implemented on July 1 1959 when the Central Bank of Nigeria came into full operation. In April 1960 the Bank issued its first treasury bills . In May 1961 the Bank launched the Lagos Bankers Clearing House which provided licensed banks a framework in which to exchange and clear checks rapidly. By July 1 1961 the Bank had completed issuing all denominations of new Nigerian notes and coins and redeemed all of the West African Currency Board's previous money. 2 Central Bank Headquarters in Abuja Central Bank Policy implementation and criticism The CBN's early functions were mainly to act as the government's agency for the control and supervision of the banking sector to monitor the balance of payments according to the demands of the federal government and to tailor monetary policy along the demands of the federal budget . The central bank's initial lack of financial competence over the finance ministry led to deferment of major economic decisions to the finance ministry. A key instrument of the bank was to initiate credit limit legislation for bank lending. The initiative was geared to make credit available to neglected national areas such as agriculture and manufacturing . By the end of 1979 most of the banks did not adhere to their credit limits and favored a loose interpretation of CBN's guidelines. The central bank did not effectively curtail the prevalence of short term loan maturities. Most loans given out by commercial banks were usually set within a year. The major policy to balance this distortion in the credit market was to create a new Bank of Commerce and industry a universal bank. However the new bank did not fulfill its mission. Another policy of the bank in concert with the intentions of the government was direct involvement in the affairs of the three major expatriate commercial banks in order to forestall any bias against indigenous borrowers and consumers. By 1976 the federal government had acquired 40% of equity in the three largest commercial banks. The bank's slow reaction to curtail inflation by financing huge deficits of the federal government has been one of the sore points in the history of the central bank. Coupled with its failure to control the burgeoning trade arrears in 1983 the country was left with huge trade debts totaling $6 billion. citation needed Governors Governors of the Central Bank since independence 3 Governor Previous position Term start Term end Roy Pentelow Fenton 24 July 1958 24 July 1963 Aliyu Mai-Bornu Deputy Governor CBN 25 July 1963 22 June 1967 Clement Nyong Isong Advisor International Monetary Fund 15 August 1967 22 September 1975 Adamu Ciroma 24 September 1975 28 June 1977 Ola Vincent Deputy Governor CBN 28 June 1977 28 June 1982 Abdulkadir Ahmed Deputy Governor CBN 28 June 1982 30 September 1993 Paul Agbai Ogwuma CEO Union Bank of Nigeria 1 October 1993 29 May 1999 Joseph Oladele Sanusi CEO First Bank of Nigeria 29 May 1999 29 May 2004 Charles Chukwuma Soludo Chief Executive National Planning Commission 29 May 2004 29 May 2009 Sanusi Lamido Aminu Sanusi CEO First Bank of Nigeria 3 June 2009 Today Currently under the leadership of Lamido Sanusi the bank's recent success is partially due to the rise in crude oil prices. citation needed The bank's use of capitalization has given more strength to the banking sector against an earlier failure by the central bank to control the fall of many merchant banks and commercial banks in the early 1990s. By 1990 the liberalizing agenda of an adopted Structural Adjustment Programme led to unprecedented growth in the banking sector. Advance Fees Fraud 419 The name of the Central Bank of Nigeria has been used in a series of so-called 'Nigerian 419 Scams'. The fraudster sends an e-mail that appears to come from a Central Bank employee to millions of people saying the Bank has found an excess of money or a debt owing to a person or persons who have since died and they wish to export it. The victim submits his own bank account so that the money may be placed therein only to find that within a week his account is empty. The bank is in no way associated with such scams. 4 See also Central banks and currencies of Africa Nigerian naira Notes ↑ 1.0 1.1 History of CBN retrieved 8 September 2006 from http // cenbank.org/AboutCBN ↑ Nigeria Year Book 1962 . Daily Times of Nigeria . 1962. p. #160 107. #160 ↑ "Past And Present Governors" . Central Bank of Nigeria . http // cenbank.org/AboutCBN/allgovernors.asp . Retrieved 2010-02-28 . #160 ↑ "Advance Fees Fraud 419 " . Central Bank of Nigeria . http // cenbank.org/419/ . Retrieved 2010-04-02 . #160 References E. O. Oloyede The Bank Customer and Banking Law in Nigeria Journal of African Law gt Vol. 19 No. 1/2 Spring 1975 G. O. Nwankwo Bank Lending in a Developing Economy The Nigerian Experience Journal of African Law gt Vol. 19 Spring 1975 "Foreign reserves down bank lending up as economy falters" Financial Times November 29 1982 External links Official site Central Bank of Nigeria v · d · Central banks Global Bank for International Settlements #160 · Financial Stability Board #160 · Basel Committee on Banking Supervision #160 By continent Africa Central Bank of West African States #160 · Bank of Central African States #160 · Bank of Algeria #160 · Central Bank of Angola #160 · Bank of Botswana #160 · Bank of the Republic of Burundi #160 · Bank of Cape Verde #160 · Central Bank of the Comoros #160 · Central Bank of the Congo #160 · Central Bank of Djibouti #160 · Central Bank of Egypt #160 · Bank of Eritrea #160 · National Bank of Ethiopia #160 · Central Bank of The Gambia #160 · Bank of Ghana #160 · Central Bank of the Republic of Guinea #160 · Central Bank of Kenya #160 · Central Bank of Lesotho #160 · Central Bank of Liberia #160 · Central Bank of Libya #160 · Reserve Bank of Malawi #160 · Bank of Mauritius #160 · Bank Al-Maghrib Morocco #160 · Bank of Namibia #160 · Central Bank of Nigeria #160 · South African Reserve Bank #160 · Bank of Somaliland #160 · Bank of Tanzania #160 · Central Bank of Tunisia #160 · Bank of Uganda #160 · Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe Americas Central Bank of Argentina #160 · Central Bank of Aruba #160 · Central Bank of The Bahamas #160 · Central Bank of Barbados #160 · Central Bank of Brazil #160 · Bank of Canada #160 · Central Bank of Chile #160 · Bank of the Republic Colombia #160 · Central Bank of Curaçao and Sint Maarten #160 · Eastern Caribbean Central Bank #160 · Bank of the Republic of Haiti #160 · Central Bank of Honduras #160 · Bank of Jamaica #160 · Bank of Mexico #160 · Central Bank of Nicaragua #160 · Central Reserve Bank of Peru #160 · Central Bank of Suriname #160 · Federal Reserve System United States #160 · Central Bank of Venezuela #160 · 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Philippines #160 · Qatar Central Bank #160 · Monetary Authority of Singapore #160 · Central Bank of Syria #160 · Central Bank of the Republic of China Taiwan #160 · Bank of Thailand #160 · Central Bank of the United Arab Emirates #160 · Central Bank of Uzbekistan #160 · State Bank of Vietnam #160 · Hong Kong Monetary Authority #160 · Palestine Monetary Authority #160 · Europe European Central Bank Eurosystem #160 · National Bank of the Republic of Abkhazia #160 · Bank of Albania #160 · Central Bank of Armenia #160 · Central Bank of Azerbaijan #160 · National Bank of the Republic of Belarus #160 · Central Bank of Bosnia and Herzegovina #160 · Bulgarian National Bank #160 · Croatian National Bank #160 · Czech National Bank #160 · Danmarks Nationalbank #160 · Bank of England United Kingdom #160 · National Bank of Georgia #160 · German Federal Bank #160 · Hungarian National Bank #160 · Central Bank of Iceland #160 · Bank of Italy #160 · Central Bank of Kosovo #160 · National Bank of Latvia #160 · Bank of Lithuania #160 · National Bank of the Republic of Macedonia #160 · National Bank of Moldova #160 · Central Bank of Montenegro #160 · Norges Bank #160 · Central Bank of the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus #160 · Polish National Bank #160 · National Bank of Romania #160 · Central Bank of Russia #160 · National Bank of Serbia #160 · Sveriges Riksbank #160 · Swiss National Bank #160 · Central Bank of the Republic of Turkey #160 · National Bank of Ukraine #160 Policies and implementation Policies Expansionary monetary policy #160 · Contractionary monetary policy #160 · Capital requirement Implementation Open market operations #160 · Capital control #160 · Discount rate #160 · Money creation #160 · Interest rates #160 · Sovereign wealth fund #160 Bretton Woods system World Bank umbrella organization International Bank for Reconstruction and Development #160 · International Finance Corporation #160 · International Development Association #160 · Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency #160 · International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes #160 · International Monetary Fund List of central banks Names in italics indicate non-sovereign dependent territories former countries or partially recognised countries . v · d · Governors of the Central Bank of Nigeria Roy Pentelow Fenton #160 · Aliyu Mai-Bornu #160 · Clement Nyong Isong #160 · Adamu Ciroma #160 · Ola Vincent #160 · Abdulkadir Ahmed #160 · Paul Agbai Ogwuma #160 · Joseph Oladele Sanusi #160 · Charles Chukwuma Soludo #160 · Sanusi Lamido Sanusi Retrieved from " http //mediawikifr.dp.teoma /wiki/Central_Bank_of_Nigeria " Categories All articles with unsourced statements Articles with unsourced statements from September 2008 Articles with invalid date parameter in template Government of Nigeria Companies of Nigeria Central banks Economy of Nigeria Government agencies established in 1958 The content on this page originates from Wikipedia and is licensed under the GNU Free Document License 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Saturday April 23 2011 MICROCAPITAL BRIEF Central Bank of Nigeria CBN Governor Explains Delay in Microfinance Regulatory Framework raquo Posted by Alex Pattee in Category Africa Key Players Regulation Transparency Trends/Challenges at 2 30 pm Central Bank of Nigeria CBN Governor Mallam Sanusi Lamido Sanusi has reportedly explained the delay in the release a proposed microfinance regulatory framework saying #8220 if we are going to have 2 000 microfinance institutions I want to know that we have the capacity to regulate and supervise those institutions #8221 1 . MicroCapital.org reported last year that CBN was planning to develop a new microfinance regulatory framework #8220 to prevent commercial bank operators from posing as MFIs #8221 2 . As of April 2010 the framework was expected to be instituted by June 2010 2 . Mr Sanusi was quoted recently as adding #8220 The microfinance regulatory framework actually came to the last meeting of the Central Bank Board but I stepped it down and the reason I did that was because we keep licensing institutions and regulating operators without asking if we have built the capacity to supervise them #8221 1 . By Alexandra Pattee Research Associate About Central Bank of Nigeria CBN Central Bank of Nigeria CBN established in 1958 is Nigeria #8217 s central banking authority. As defined by the 1958 Act of Parliament that created CBN its statutory mandates are as follows #8220 to issue legal tender currency to maintain external reserves to safeguard the international value of the legal tender currency to promote monetary stability and a sound financial system in Nigeria and to act as banker and financial adviser to the Federal Government. #8221 As of July 2010 CBN reports total assets of NGN 7.37 trillion the equivalent of USD 48.6 billion . Sources and Resources 1 This Day Live #8220 Sanusi Explains Delay in Microfinance Regulatory Framework #8221 http // thisdaylive /articles/sanusi-explains-delay-in-microfinance-regulatory-framework/89534/ 2 MicroCapital.org Article April 2 2010 #8220 Central Bank of Nigeria CBN Developing a Framework to Regulate Microfinance Banking in the Country and Keep #8216 Monsters #8217 Out of the Industry #8221 http // microcapital.org/microcapital-brief-central-bank-of-nigeria-cbn-developing-a-framework-to-regulate-microfinance-banking-in-the-country-and-keep- monsters -out-of-the-industry/ MicroCapital.org Article April 5 2010 #8220 Nigerian Microfinance Institutions MFIs Continue to Require Collateral Other Conditions for Loans Lift Above Poverty Organisation LAPO to Cut Interest Rates #8221 http // microcapital.org/microcapital-brief-nigerian-microfinance-institutions-mfis-continue-to-require-collateral-other-conditions-for-loans-lift-above-poverty-organisation-lapo-to-cut-interest-rates-fees/ MicroCapital.org Article March 7 2011 #8220 Central Bank of Nigeria CBN Directs Microfinance Banks to Adopt Technology and Shared Service Platforms Hints at New Microfinance Policy Framework #8221 http // microcapital.org/microcapital-brief-central-bank-of-nigeria-cbn-directs-microfinance-banks-to-adopt-technology-and-shared-service-platforms-hints-at-new-microfinance-policy-framework/ MicroCapital.org Article March 22 2011 #8220 Association of Micro Entrepreneurs of Nigeria AMEN Small and Medium Enterprise Development Agency of Nigeria SMEDAN Central Bank of Nigeria CBN Promote Small Business Ventures Financial Inclusion to Combat Youth Unemployment #8221 http // microcapital.org/microcapital-brief-association-of-micro-entrepreneurs-of-nigeria-amen-small-and-medium-enterprise-development-agency-of-nigeria-smedan-central-bank-of-nigeria-cbn-promote-small-business-ventu/ MicroCapital.org Article March 7 2011 #8220 Nigerian Microfinance Bank Classic Microfinance Ordered to Sell Assets to Pay Debts to Former Depositors #8221 http // microcapital.org/microcapital-brief-nigerian-microfinance-bank-classic-microfinance-ordered-to-sell-assets-to-pay-debts-to-former-depositors/ MicroCapital.org Article October 1 2010 #8220 Central Bank of Nigeria Revokes Licenses of 224 Microfinance Banks #8221 http // microcapital.org/microcapital-brief-central-bank-of-nigeria-revokes-licenses-of-224-microfinance-banks/ MicroCapital #8217 s Universe Profile Central Bank of Nigeria http // microcapital.org/microfinanceuniverse/tiki-index.php page=Central+Bank+of+Nigeria+%28CBN%29 Browse the MicroCapital Universe and add your entry to the wiki at http // microcapital.org/microfinanceuniverse/ Comments are closed. All content is protected under copyright copy 2011 by MicroCapital - Sitemap MicroCapital powered by WordPress #8226 Site design based on xMark Theme by Lisa Sabin-Wilson Crime Online Instantly recognize 419 Nigerian Lottery Transfer Agent other online scams Home Forum Posts Tagged #8220 Central Bank Of Nigeria #8221 laquo Previous Entries Dec 15 2008 This message about an ATM card came in 4 times today Posted by mikehcg in Money Transfer Fraud Online Crime tags Amp Atm Card Bank Of Nigeria Beneficiary Central Bank Of Nigeria Credit Settlement Director Of Operations Dr Richard Email Fax Number Fund Beneficiaries Good Reply Hk Messag Paragraph Paymaster General Potential Victims Richard Smith Settlement Office Telephone Conversation Wikipedia The crooks obviously don #8217 t want potential victims talking to us or anyone who knows what they are up to. They post a warning not to 2 Comments #187 Dec 09 2008 Dr. Usman Shamsudeen is back again Posted by mikehcg in 419 scam Advance Fee Fraud Money Transfer Fraud tags Atm Card Atm Machine Bank Of Nigeria Beneficiary Central Bank Of Nigeria Fax Number FBI Federal Republic Of Nigeria Inheritance International Remittance Department Ird Kindest Regards Mr President Number 3 Occupation Onsite Search Republic Of Nigeria Stb Umaru Yar Adua Usman Just do a quick onsite search upper right on this page. You will see this name has been often used before. No Comments #187 Sep 07 2008 Do you believe that Charles Soludo has time for this Posted by mikehcg in 419 scam Advance Fee Fraud tags 419 scam Africans Bank Of Nigeria Cbn Central Bank Of Nigeria Charles Soludo Commercial Banks Contract Funds Court Injunction Govenor Jeff Smith Lagos Nigeria Letter Of Administration Office Of The Governor Payment Notification Prof Charles State Bank Suspense Account Tinubu Square Urgent Message Vital Documents Sometimes I feel the Africans are quite naive. The story told here of the Govenor of a state bank who would actually personally deal with someone about an inheritance matter is pretty far fetched. #8212 #8212 #8212 - Forwarded message #8212 #8212 #8212 - From JEFF SMITH Date 2008/9/6 Subject URGENT MESSAGE FROM CENTRAL BANK OF NIGERIA. To OFFICE OF THE GOVERNOR. CENTRAL BANK OF NIGERIA TINUBU SQUARE LAGOS- NIGERIA. DATE 6TH SEPTEMBRE 2008. OUR RE5 CBN/OHG/OXD1/2008 YOUR REF #8230 #8230 #8230 #8230 #8230 #8230 #8230 #8230 #8230 #8230 TELEX CENBANK. PAYMENT FILE CBN/BEN/08. ATTN BENEFICIARY PAYMENT NOTIFICATION OF YOUR FUNDS. I AM MR. JEFF SMITH THE SECRETARY TO PROF. CHARLES SOLUDO THE EXECUTIVE GOVERNOR OF THE CENTRAL BANK OF NIGERIA C.B.N THE CENTRAL BANK OF NIGERIA IS THE PARENT BANK OF ALL COMMERCIAL BANKS HERE IN NIGERIA. I WAS INSTRUCTED TO INITIATE CONTACT WITH YOU BY MY BOSS THE EXECUTIVE GOVERNOR OF THE CENTRAL BANK OF NIGERIA C.B.N ON AN URGENT ISSUE KINDLY NOTE THAT YOUR FUNDS WERE RE-CALLED AND RE-DEPOSITED INTO THE #8220 FEDERAL SUSPENSE ACCOUNT #8221 OF THE CBN LAST WEEK BECAUSE YOU DID NOT FORWARD YOUR CLAIM AS THE RIGHT BENEFICIARY. MY BOSS THE EXECUTIVE GOVERNOR OF THE CENTRAL BANK OF NIGERIA C.B.N WAS VISITED IN HIS OFFICE BY THREE GENTLEMEN TODAY REALLY THESE MEN WERE UNEXPECTED BY HIM BECAUSE THEIR VISIT WAS IMPROMPTU. HE HAD TO ASK THEM WHY THEY CAME TO SEE HIM IN PERSON AND THEY SAID THAT THEY CAME TO COLLECT THE INHERITANCE/ CONTRACT FUNDS BILL WHICH RIGHTFULLY BELONGS TO YOU AS SHOWN IN YOUR FILE WITH US ON YOUR BEHALF AND BY YOUR AUTHORIZATION. NOTE THAT THEY ACTUALLY TENDERED SOME VITAL DOCUMENTS WHICH PROVED THAT YOU ACTUALLY SENT THEM FOR THE COLLECTION OF THESE FUNDS. BELOW IS LIST OF THE DOCUMENTS WHICH THEY TENDERED TO THIS BANK TODAY 1. LETTER OF ADMINISTRATION. 2. HIGH COURT INJUNCTION. 3. ORDER TO RELEASE. DUE TO THE NATURE OF HIS JOB HE CANNOT AFFORD TO MAKE ANY MISTAKE IN RELEASING THESE FUNDS TO ANYONE EXCEPT YOU WHO IS THE RECOGNIZED TRUE BENEFICIARY TO THESE FUNDS. NOTE THAT MY BOSS HAS ASKED THESE MEN TO COME BACK TOMORROW SO HE CAN VERIFY THIS FACT FROM YOU FIRST. KINDLY CLARIFY US ON THIS ISSUE BEFORE WE MAKE THIS PAYMENT TO THESE FOREIGNERS WHOM CAME ON YOUR BEHALF. KINDLY TO DIRECT YOUR RESPONSE TO THE PRIVATE EMAIL ADDRESS OF MY BOSS PROF. CHARLES SOLUDO THE EXECUTIVE GOVERNOR OF THE CENTRAL BANK OF NIGERIA CBN BELOW FOR QUICKER DELIBERATION AND RESPONSE FROM HIM ON THE RELEASE OF YOUR FUNDS TO YOU. PLEASE REMEMBER TO INDICATE A PHONE NUMBER HE CAN REACH YOU ON IN YOUR RESPONSE.. EMAIL charlessoludo160@gmail NOTE THAT FOR SECURITY REASONS YOU HAVE BEEN ASSIGNED A CODE/PASSWORD WHICH IS {TT7270CBN} PLEASE NOTE THAT THIS CODE IS THE REFERENCE NUMBER FOR YOUR TRANSFER AND IT’S BEING DISCLOSED TO YOU ALONE GUARD THIS JEALOUSLY AND ALL YOUR EMAIL RESPONSE SHOULD CARRY THIS CODE AS THE SUBJECT. YOURS FAITHFULLY MR.JEFF SMITH. SECRETARY. TO THE GOVERNOR. CENTRAL BANK OF NIGERIA TINUBU SQUARE LAGOS- NIGERIA. +011-234-803-866-9874 Charles Soludo Central Bank of Nigeria 419 Scam 2 Comments #187 Sep 07 2008 This Office of the Nigerian Senate is not so pretty Posted by mikehcg in Online Crime tags Adua Atm Card Bank Of Nigeria C Ertificate C Ommittee Card1 Central Bank Of Nigeria Certificate Of Merit Charles Soludo Content Disposition Contract Payment Deral Dr David Williams E Mail Federal Republic Of Nigeria Governor Of Central Bank Of Nigeria Lagos Nigeria Nicon Insurance Corporation Paymaster General Prof Charles Soludo Republic Of Nigeria Senate House Senate President State Dollars Statutory Obligations Th Governor Yar Adua Which e-mail is more successfull the official looking scam e-mail or this one What do you think #8212 #8212 #8212 - Forwarded message #8212 #8212 #8212 - From SENATE PRESIDENT lt senatehousess@labrepco gt Date 2008/9/6 Subject IMMEDIATE RELEASE OF YOUR CONTRACT FUND VIA ATM SWIFT CARD1 To OFFICE OF THE SENATE HOUSE FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF NIGERIA COMMITTEE ON FOREIGN PAYMENT RESOLUTIONPANEL ON CONTRACT PAYMENT IKOYI-LAGOS NIGERIA Our Ref FGN /SNT/STB Your Ref. ATTN Beneficiary We the entire members of the Federal House of Senate on behalf of the Federal Republic of Nigerian Government Under the auspices of the civilian Head of State President Umar Musa Yar #8217 Adua and th Governor of Central Bank Of Nigeria Prof Charles Soludo held a meeting last week concerning payment both foreign and local contractors and some inheritance funds. On going through files yesterday we discovered that your file was dumped untreated so at this juncture we apologize for the delay of your payment and please stop communicating with any office now and attention to the appointed office below for you to receive your payment accordingly. Now your new Payment Reference No.-35460021 Response code No atm-822 and your Certificate of Merit Payment No 103 Released Code No 0763 Immediate Telex confirmation No -1114433 Secret Code No XXTN013 Having received these vital payment number therefore You are qualified now to receive your payment that have been programmed in a swift atm card we have agreed to dispatch an atm card worth your contract/inheritance payment of $4.2 Million United State Dollars only to your nominated mailing address after insuring the card with the nicon insurance corporation office as all statutory obligations have been fulfilled. Now you are directed to contact the Office of the Paymaster General Federal Republic of Nigeria Dr.David Williams immediately so that he dispatch your atm card to your mailing address and also you should reconfirm your information to him as follows Full name Mailing address/receiver #8217 s address direct telephone number and fax. This is to avoid mistake while dispatching your card to you today . Contact Person Dr.David Williams Email atmwwxxq4@sify irect Tell +234-18146819 Contact him now with the above requested information and inform him that you received an email from The Federal House of Senate Federal Republic of Nigeria Instructing you to call him for immediate release of your fund and forward your Details to his office to avoid transfer mistake. NOTE We have mounted our security network to monitor every in-coming call if we still find out that you are still dealing with all those fraudsters that have been frustrating I shall stop and cancel your payment immediately. Best Regards David Mark SENATE PRESIDENT Federal Republic of Nigeria 3 Comments #187 Sep 05 2008 This must be my 10th ATM card this year Posted by mikehcg in Online Crime tags Atm Card Automated Teller Machine Award Winner Bank Of Nigeria Beneficiary Boss Broad Street Central Bank Of Nigeria Central Bank Of Nigeria Cbn Chukwuma Contractor Award Courier Service Debt Settlement General Meeting Mailing Address Office Of The Governor Particulars Personal Message Tinubu Square United States Dollars Professor Souldo the boss of the Nigerian Central Bank writes a personal message to me Highly unlikely I would say. #8212 #8212 #8212 - Forwarded message #8212 #8212 #8212 - From Central Bank of Nigeria CBN Date Sep 5 2008 2 17 AM Subject YOUR PART PAYMENT BY ATM CARD IS READY To OFFICE OF THE GOVERNOR CENTRAL BANK OF NIGERIA C.B.N 38 BROAD STREET TINUBU SQUARE. PHONE +234 705 801 9117 ATTN BENEFICIARY/CONTRACTOR/AWARD WINNER YOUR PARTICULARS WAS MENTIONED IN OUR JUST CONCLUDED THIRD QUARTER DEBT SETTLEMENT GENERAL MEETING. A PART PAYMENT OF $150.000 ONE HUNDRED AND FIFTY THOUSAND UNITED STATES DOLLARS WAS APPROVED ON YOUR NAME. THIS PAYMENT HAVE BEEN PROGRAMMED INTO AN AUTOMATED TELLER MACHINE ATM CARD POWERED BY VISA AND WILL BE MAILED TO YOUR ADDRESS BY COURIER SERVICE. YOU ARE IMMEDIATELY REQUIRED TO RE-CONFIRM AND FORWARD TO MY DESK THE FOLLOWING INFORMATION #8217 S 1. YOUR REQUIRED NAME TO BE PRINTED ON YOUR ATM CARD 2. YOUR PRESENT RESIDENT MAILING ADDRESS NOT P.O BOX 3. YOUR PERSONAL AND REACHABLE PHONE NUMBER WE ARE SORRY FOR THE INCONVENIENCIES THE DELAY OF YOUR PAYMENT MIGHT HAVE CAUSED YOU. YOURS SINCERELY PROF. CHUKWUMA SOLUDO GOVERNOR CENTRAL BANK OF NIGERIA C.B.N No Comments #187 Aug 30 2008 An officially signed e-mail from Ernest C. Ebi Posted by mikehcg in 419 scam Advance Fee Fraud tags 419 scam Bank Of Nigeria Banks In Nigeria Beneficiary Board Of Director Central Bank Of Nigeria Commercial Banks In Nigeria Deputy Governor E Mail Ebi Ernest C. Ebi Federal Government Of Nigeria Foreigners Government Of Nigeria International Passport Jokers Lagos Nigeria Payment Details Ploy Telex Tinubu Square United States Dollars These jokers are trying the #8220 catch previous victims #8221 ploy. I am sure there are enough of those to make this venture profitable. That is if the people believe what is written here. #8212 #8212 #8212 - Forwarded message #8212 #8212 #8212 - From MR. ERNEST C. EBI. Date Wed Aug 27 2008 at 12 31 PM Subject ATTN HONORABLE BENEFICIARY To CENTRAL BANK OF NIGERIA OFFICE OF THE DEPUTY GOVERNOR CENTRAL BANK OF NIGERIA TINUBU SQUARE LAGOS- NIGERIA. OUR REF CBN/OHG/OXD1/2008 YOUR REF #8230 #8230 #8230 #8230 #8230 #8230 #8230 #8230 #8230 #8230 TELEX CENBANK. PAYMENT FILE CBN/BEN/08. ATTN HONORABLE BENEFICIARY FROM THE RECORDS OF OUTSTANDING FOREIGN PAYMENTS DUE FOR RELEASE WITH LOCAL AND COMMERCIAL BANKS IN NIGERIA YOUR NAME AND CONTACT WAS DISCOVERED AS NEXT ON THE LIST OF THE OUTSTANDING FOREIGNERS #8217 PAYMENT WHICH ARE STILL HANGING ON AND WHO HAVE NOT YET RECEIVED THEIR PAYMENTS. FOLLOWING THE OUT COME OF BOARD OF DIRECTOR #8217 S MEETING TODAY WITH OTHER COMMERCIAL BANKS HERE IN NIGERIA WE WISH TO INFORM YOU THAT YOUR NAME FALL AMONG THE TOP TWENTY CONTRACTOR/BENEFICIARY THAT WILL BE RECEIVING THEIR PAYMENT THIS 2ND QUARTER OF THE YEAR 2008. NOTE THAT YOUR PAYMENT IS BEING PROCESSED AND WILL BE RELEASED TO YOU AS SOON AS YOU RECONFIRM YOUR PAYMENT DETAILS SO THAT WE CAN AUTHENTICATE THE CLAIM LEGALLY SINCE OUR RECORD SHOWS THAT THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT OF NIGERIA HAS ONLY MAPPED OUT THE SUM OF US$25 000 000 TWENTY FIVE MILLION UNITED STATES DOLLARS TO BE RELEASED TO YOU AS YOU RE-CONFIRM YOUR INFORMATION FOR VERIFICATION/AUTHENTICATING AND FINAL ENDORSEMENT OF YOUR FILE SO AS TO ENABLE THIS NOBLE BANK PROCEED IMMEDIATE RELEASE OF YOUR FUND WITHOUT FURTHER DELAYS. KINDLY RE-CONFIRM TO US THE FOLLOWINGS 1 YOUR FULL NAME 2 POSTAL/ MAILING ADDRESS 3 PHONE FAX AND MOBILE #. 4 AGE. 5 OCCUPATION. 6 INTERNATIONAL PASSPORT OR DRIVER #8217 S LICENSE SCAN COPY 7 BANK DATA #8217 S WHERE FUND WILL BE REMITTED TOO. IN RECEIPT OF THE ABOVE INFORMATION YOUR PAYMENT WILL BE APPROVED AND PAID TO YOU BY WIRED TO YOUR NOMINATED BANK ACCOUNT OF YOUR CHOICE. HENCE YOU ARE ADVISED TO GET BACK TO ME IMMEDIATELY FOR MORE CLARIFICATIONS ON MY E-MAIL mebi600@gmail OFFICIALLY SIGNED MR.ERNEST C. EBI. DEPUTY GOVERNOR INTERNATIONAL OPERATIONS CENTRAL BANK OF NIGERIA Ernest C. Ebi Central Bank of Nigeria 419 scam 2 Comments #187 Aug 29 2008 Benson Edward has a funny story for you Posted by mikehcg in 419 scam Advance Fee Fraud tags 419 scam 419 Scams Abuja Nigeria Bank Of Nigeria Bank United Banking Systems Benson Edwards Central Bank Of Nigeria Compensations Fidelity Bank Fidelity Bank Plc Fraud Victims Fri Funny Story Government Reimbursement Immediate Payment Lagos Nigeria Nigerian 419 Scam Nigerian Government Scam Artists Scam Victims Strict Supervision Undisclosed Recipients Here #8217 s a case of the #8220 pot calling the kettle black #8221 They claim they are responsible to recompense victims who have lost money to crooks running 419 scams. Very amusing #8212 #8212 #8212 - Forwarded message #8212 #8212 #8212 - From FIDELITY BANK/ UNITED NATIONS 2008 SCAM VICTIMS COMPENSATIONS CODE 1122 . Date Fri Aug 29 2008 at 12 16 AM Subject FIDELITY BANK/ UNITED NATIONS 2008 SCAM VICTIMS COMPENSATIONS CODE 1122 To undisclosed-recipients FIDELITY BANK PLC Foreign Transfer Department FIDELITY BANK/ UNITED NATIONS 2008 SCAM VICTIMS COMPENSATIONS PAYMENTS. FRAUD VICTIMS REF/PAYMENTS CODE FCB/06654 Attention I write to bring to your notice as a delegate from the Nigerian Government Reimbursement Committee under the strict supervision of the United Nations to pay 230 Nigerian 419 scam victims the sum of $800 000 USD Eight Hundred Thousand Dollars each. You are however listed as one of the beneficiaries for these payments. You are expected to get back to us for your immediate reimbursement. As a result of this laudable recommendations you are hereby informed that during the last U.N. meeting held in Abuja Nigeria it was alarmed so much by the rest of the world on the loss of funds by various foreigners to the scam artists operating in syndicates all over the world today. In other to redeem the good image of our country the President has ordered the immediate payment of $800 000 USD each to the affected victims in accordance with the U.N. recommendations. Due to the corrupt and inefficient Banking Systems in Nigeria these payments are to be made FIDELITY BANK Nigeria and CITE BANK PLC UK as the corresponding paying bank under the funding assistance of the Central Bank of Nigeria. Presently 184 Beneficiaries have been paid more than 50% of the victims are from the United States while about 40% are from other parts of the world. Your particulars were among those mentioned by some of the Syndicates that were apprehended in Lagos Nigeria as one of the victims of the operations you are hereby warned not to communicate or duplicate this message to anybody for any reason whatsoever as the U.S.secret service in conjunction with The Economic and Financial Crimes Commission EFCC has swange into action to track this criminals down. Once again you are expected to keep it secret until these criminals are all apprehended. The Economic and Financial Crimes Commission EFCC Motto No Body is above the Law have combined effort with the United Nation Anti-crime Commission to alleviate the plight of these victims as well as redeeming the image of our dear country. Many Banks Universal firms Companies and individuals have been in bankruptcy today due to the activities of these hoodlums.However a thorough investigation have revealed that these people have dropped over 500 000 victims across the world after collecting their money falsely many as a result of this have committed suicide while others are now living in abject poverty. As regards these ongoing developmental strive we have over 200 suspects at hand 135 in kirikri prisons. While many are awaiting trial we are still in search of others who think they are wise and hope that you will assist by giving any vital information that could lead to the apprehension of these hoodlums. You can receive your reimbursement via any of these options you choose ATM PAYMENTS UNIT OR WIRE TRANSFER .We shall be waiting to hearing from you been certain that your response will be that you are satisfied and willing to claim your $800 000 USD Eight Hundred Thousand Dollars reimbursement funds. Your call which is highly important and copy of your response is expected to be sent to us via this email scamvictimscompensationscode.f@gmail with the following information With this code CODE 1122 Full Name Full home address Telephone Bank Name occupation Age Sex Yours faithfully Mr. Benson Edward. Processing/Transfer Officer FRAUD VICTIMS +234 8028493286 FIDELITY BANK PLC 419 scam Benson Edwards Fidelity Bank 54 Comments #187 Aug 23 2008 George Smith says I am next of kin Posted by mikehcg in 419 scam Inheritance Fraud Money Transfer Fraud tags Age Sex Bank Draft Bank Of Nigeria Central Bank Of Nigeria Commander In Chief Contract Payment Forthwith George Smith Government Of Nigeria Hundred Thousand Imf Immediate Payment Marital Status Nigeria Payment Notification Tinubu Square Undisclosed Recipients United States Dollars Victoria Island Lagos Victoria Island Lagos Nigeria Wanadoo Fr The story is somewhat confused as this message talks about contractors and next of kin. Could it be I am the next of kin to a contractor #8212 #8212 #8212 - Forwarded message #8212 #8212 #8212 - From MR. GEORGE SMITH lt christine.peycelon@wanadoo.fr gt Date Sat Aug 23 2008 at 12 04 PM Subject URGENT PAYMENT NOTIFICATION #8230 #8230 #8230 To undisclosed-recipients CENTRAL BANK OF NIGERIA TINUBU SQUARE VICTORIA ISLAND LAGOS-NIGERIA OUR REF CBN/IRD/CBX/021/067 Attn Honourable Contractor RE IMMEDIATE PAYMENT OF YOUR CONTRACT INHERITANCE ON CONTRACT # MAV/NNPC/FGN/MIN/009. Following the protest of the International Community The World Bank IMF and the instruction by the President and Commander in Chief of the armed forces UMAU MUSA YARADUA that all outstanding forieghn debts especially next of kin payment should be released to the benefeciaries forthwith unconditionally. From the records of outstanding contractors due for payment with the Government of Nigeria. Your name and company was discovered as next of kin on the list of the outstanding contractors who have not received their payments. I wish to inform you that your payment is being processed and will be released to you as soon as you respond to this letter. Also note that from the record in my file your outstanding contract payment is $10 500 000 Ten Million Five Hundred Thousand United States Dollars . Please re-confirm to me if this is inline with what you have in your record and also re-confirm to me the followings 1 Your full name. 2 Phone Fax and Mobile #. 3 Company name Position and Address. 4 Profession age sex and marital status. 5 Any kind of identification As soon as this information are received your payment will be made to you in a certified bank draft or wired to your bank account directly from Central bank of Nigeria or any of the asisters bank and a copy of the transfer confirmation informations will be given to you for you to take to your bank and confirm it. YOURS SINCERELY MR GEORGE SMITH DIRECTOR FOREIGN REMMITERNCE DIPERTMENT CENTRAL BANK OF NIGERIA CBN. 1 Comment #187 May 25 2008 7.5 Million US Dollars on an ATM Card Posted by mikehcg in Online Crime tags 419 scam 5m Atm Card Bank Of Nigeria Beneficiary Central Bank Of Nigeria Central Bank Of Nigeria Cbn Congratulation Courier Service Freemail Accounts Gazeta Pl Hallmarks Inheritance International Remittance Ird May 24 Office Address Protestant Churches Remitter Reverend The last message of this kind offered a Cash Card with 850 thousand US Dollars on it. Sure it sounds good but it #8217 s not very logical is it Looking through the message it has all of the Hallmarks of typical 419 scam e-mails 1. It uses only Freemail accounts 2. The sender is a #8220 Reverend #8221 . That #8217 s a title only used for representatives of protestant churches. It #8217 s highly unlikely they would be working for a bank as well. 3. The #8220 Central Bank of Nigeria #8221 is quoted as being the remitter bank. 4. They quote I will be getting an inheritance. 5. And of course I will be getting millions of US Dollars with no strings attached. That #8217 s enough to mark it as suspect I would say. #8212 #8212 #8212 - Forwarded message #8212 #8212 #8212 - From officebox01 Gazeta.pl lt officebox01@gazeta.pl gt Date Sat May 24 2008 at 10 34 PM Subject From CBN Releasing Of Your Fund To You Via ATM CARD PAYMENT. To From Desk Of Rev.Johnson Uzoma Dept. International Remittance Swift Card Payment Center Central Bank of Nigeria CBN . Dear Beneficiary. This is to notify you that your over due inheritance funds of US$7.5m has been programmed to be paid to you through ATM Swift Card Payment. Therefore you should get back to this office with your home or office address and your Phone Number where your SWIFT ATM Card will be dispatched to. As soon as I receive your information required I will process your payment legally and will issue your ATM SWFIT CARD which your total funds US$7.5M will be loaded on your ATM Card and I will dispatch it to your domain without any further delay. Finally as soon as i finish the processing of your ATM PAYMENT CARD i will scan it and forward to you via email attachment while the Original Copy will be dispatched to you through courier service. Look forward to hear from you soonest and get back to me via email officeroom001@yahoo.es Congratulation s. Yours Sincerely Rev.Johnson Uzoma Director CBN IRD and ATM Dept. International Remittance Central Bank of Nigeria CBN . Tags 419scam Central Bank of Nigeria Rev.Johnson Uzoma No Comments #187 May 18 2008 Another Charles Soludo e-mail Posted by mikehcg in Online Crime tags Abuja Nigeria Alhaji Approval Notification Atm Card Bank Of Nigeria Central Bank Of Nigeria Charles C Soludo Charles Soludo Compliments Of The Season Direct Email E Mail Federal Republic Of Nigeria Gmail Inheritance Office Of The Presidency Payment Approval President Of Nigeria Prof Charles Republic Of Nigeria Umaru Undisclosed Recipients Yes the Africans like to use names of African celebrities for this kind of scam message. Charles Soludo is just a very prominent person in Nigeria. #8212 #8212 #8212 - Forwarded message #8212 #8212 #8212 - From Prof Charles C.Soludo lt cbnbanking.org.ng@gmail gt Date Sat May 17 2008 at 6 03 AM Subject OFFICIAL NOTICE IMMEDIATE PAYMENT APPROVAL NOTIFICATION HYELNCOBKU To undisclosed-recipients CENTRAL BANK OF NIGERIA OFFICE OF THE GOVERNOR GARKI ABUJA NIGERIA OUR REF CBN/IRD/CBX/022/07 ATM SWIFT CARD DEPARTMENT. DIRECT LINE +234-8079-673-888 Email cbnbanking_governorng@ubbi Attention Sir/Madam Compliments of the season and God #8217 s blessings from Prof Charles C Soludo Executive Governor Central Bank ofNigeria. I was instructed to contact you in this office from the office of the presidency federal republic of Nigeria based on your contract/inheritance next of kin payment that is now awarded/approved and released by the president of Nigeria Alhaji Umaru Musa Yar #8217 Adua. You are officially informed that your name was discovered as one of the foreign beneficiaries that has not yet received their contract/inheritance fund due for payment. Now you are advised to respond immediately you receive this important notice to enable immediate processing of your payment which will come to you through ATM CARD PAYMENT. That is the latest instruction from the president. Again it is my duty to notify you that the total sum of your fund to be loaded in Atm card payment is the total sum of $8 300 000.00 Eight Million Three Hundred Thousand United States Dollars Only . For more details Contact me on my Direct Email and Call my direct telephone number on Tel +234-8079673888.Email cbnbanking_governorng@ubbi Note that your earlier response to this important notice will enable us to give you the details of your payment. Get back to me with the following information given below Full Name #8230 #8230 #8230 . Contact Address #8230 Direct Telephone Number #8230 .. Age/Occupation And marital Status #8230 Thanks Prof Charles C Soludo Executive Governor Central Bank of Nigeria CBN . Code of Conduct 0787 Tel +234-8079673888 Tags 419Scam Advance Fee Fraud Charles Soludo Central Bank of Nigeria 6 Comments #187 laquo Previous Entries Search Visitors Online 07 visitor s online powered by WassUp Pages Forum Welcome to #8220 Crime-Online #8221 Recent Posts McDonalds and BP do a Lottery Strange Apple iPhone Offer Lets Help the People of Japan Commenting on Crime Online An inheritance I didn #8217 t know about Michael Holdcroft is doing a 419 scam Please destroy this mail This African crook calls himself Philip Price A 419 scam e-mail from the New York Times The EU and UNO give money away Recent Comments TREV HOBBY on Franca Donna is in a Chinese Hospital doing the charity scam charity on At last My very own inheritance e-mail #8230 elizabeth on At last My very own inheritance e-mail #8230 Raymond Colon on Just send your personal details to Speed Trust Courier Layan je on Another Andreas Schranner scam e-mail Google Friends Blog Network Follow this blog Blogroll The World of Scambaiting Wordpress Themes Archives May 2011 March 2011 July 2010 May 2010 December 2009 May 2009 February 2009 December 2008 November 2008 October 2008 September 2008 August 2008 May 2008 April 2008 March 2008 January 2008 December 2007 November 2007 October 2007 April 2007 March 2007 February 2007 January 2007 December 2006 November 2006 October 2006 June 2006 April 2006 March 2006 January 2006 December 2005 November 2005 October 2005 September 2005 August 2005 July 2005 June 2005 May 2005 April 2005 March 2005 February 2005 January 2005 December 2004 November 2004 Other Resources Alexa Blog Catalog Powered by WordPress Mandigo theme by tom. 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